ABSTRACT
Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent dangerous infectious diseases and save lives. The expansion of human communication, the rapid spread of emerging infections worldwide, and the creation of dangerous pandemics like COVID-19 is worrying. On the other hand, with the emergence of new technologies such as genetic engineering of microorganisms, genome editing, and synthetic biology, the possibility of abusing these tools for illegal use is the next concern. In this situation, the need for rapid vaccination technologies and programs was given special importance. Recently, new vaccine platforms such as viral vector and mRNA vaccines have shown great promise that they can be used to prepare and protect human lives against dangerous infections. One of the most important factors for vaccination is the rapid development and approval of vaccines. In this review, we have given a perspective view of new vaccine technologies to rapidly develop vaccine s to combat emerging infections and the biodefence against biological criminals. © 2023 The Author(s).
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third registered spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans from the early 21st century. Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) rapidly spreads, resulting in an epidemic throughout China, followed by an increasing number of cases in other countries throughout the world. Recently, a wide range of inhibitors have been introduced for treatment of COVID-19, and also promising vaccines are in late phase of development. Here, we aim to present an overview of recent findings of the biological and clinical aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, along with possible treatments and future vaccines.